"Ua lilo ka mana o ka lā i mō'ī o ka uila," wahi a ka International Energy Agency i kāna hōʻike 2020.Manaʻo ka poʻe loea IEA e hoʻonui ka honua i ka mana o ka lā i 8-13 mau manawa i nā makahiki he 20 e hiki mai ana ma mua o kēia lā.ʻO nā ʻenehana panel solar hou e hoʻolalelale wale i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻoihana lā.No laila he aha kēia mau mea hou?E nānā kākou i nā ʻenehana solar ʻokiʻoki e hoʻohālike i ko kākou wā e hiki mai ana.
1. Hāʻawi nā māla lā e lana ana i ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka ʻole o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻāina
ʻO nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo floating photovoltaics he mea kahiko loa: Ua ʻike ʻia nā mahiʻai lā lana mua i ka hopena o 2000s.Mai ia manawa mai, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kumu o ka hale a i kēia manawa ke hauʻoli nei kēia ʻenehana panel solar hou i ka kūleʻa nui - a hiki i kēia manawa, ma nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o nā māla lā e lana ana ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ma kahi kokoke i nā kino wai.Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kumukūʻai o kahi papa PV e lana ana me kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻāina like ʻole.ʻO ka mea hou aʻe, ʻo ka wai ma lalo o nā modula PV e hoʻomaʻalili iā lākou, no laila e lawe mai i ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pau ʻana o ka ikehu.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o 5-10% o nā panela lā lana ma mua o nā hoʻonohonoho ʻāina.
ʻO Kina, India a me South Korea ka nui o nā māla lā e lana ana, akā ke kūkulu ʻia nei ka mea nui loa ma Singapore.Maikaʻi maoli kēia no kēia ʻāina: he liʻiliʻi loa kona wahi e lawe ai ke aupuni i nā manawa a pau e hoʻohana ai i kāna kumu wai.
Ke hoʻomaka nei nā Floatovoltaics e hoʻoulu i ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.Ua hoʻokuʻu ka pūʻali koa ʻAmelika i kahi mahiʻai lana ma Big Muddy Lake ma Fort Bragg, North Carolina, i Iune 2022. He 2 megawatt mau hola o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu i kēia 1.1 megawatt.E mana ana kēia mau pila iā Camp McCall i ka wā e pau ai ka mana.
2. ʻO ka ʻenehana lā BIPV e mālama pono i nā hale
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻokomo i nā panela lā ma luna o nā hale i nā hale mana – e lilo lākou i mea hana ikehu ma ko lākou pono ponoʻī.Hoʻohana ka ʻenehana Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) e hoʻohana i nā mea o ka lā ma ke ʻano he hale kūkulu hale e lilo i mea hāʻawi uila no ke keʻena a i ʻole ka hale o ka wā e hiki mai ana.I ka pōkole, hiki i ka ʻenehana BIPV ke hiki i nā mea hale ke mālama i nā kumukūʻai uila a ma hope o ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻōnaehana kau ʻana o ka lā.
Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole kēia e pili ana i ka paniʻana i nā paia a me nā puka makani me nā panela a me ka hanaʻana i "nā pahu hana".Pono e hui maoli nā mea o ka lā a ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i ke ʻano o ka hana a me ka noho ʻana o nā kānaka.No ka laʻana, like ke aniani photovoltaic e like me ke aniani maʻamau, akā i ka manawa like e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka ikehu a pau mai ka lā.
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻenehana BIPV mai ka makahiki 1970, ʻaʻole ia i pahū a hiki i kēia manawa: ua ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mea o ka lā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka loaʻa ākea.Ma hope o ke au, ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau mea hale keʻena e hoʻohui i nā mea PV i loko o kā lākou mau hale e kū nei.Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hana hale PV.ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale me nā ʻōnaehana solar panel BIPV ikaika loa i lilo i mea hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā ʻoihana.ʻIke loa, ʻoi aku ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o kāu ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna kiʻi.Me he mea lā ua lanakila ʻo Asia Clean Capital (ACC) i ka pahu me kona mana 19MW i hoʻokomo ʻia ma kahi pā moku ma Kina hikina.
3. Hoʻololi nā ʻili o ka lā i nā paneli i wahi hoʻolaha
ʻO ka ʻili o ka lā he mea uhi ia a puni ka panela solar e hiki ai i ka module ke mālama i kona pono a hōʻike i kekahi mea ma luna.Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake i ka nānā ʻana o nā panela lā ma kou hale a i ʻole nā ​​paia, hiki i kēia ʻenehana RV hou iā ʻoe ke hūnā i nā panela lā - e koho wale i ke kiʻi maʻamau kūpono, e like me ka pā hale a i ʻole ka lau.
ʻAʻole pili ka ʻenehana hou i ka nani wale nō, e pili ana hoʻi i ka loaʻa kālā: hiki i nā ʻoihana ke hoʻololi i kā lākou ʻōnaehana panel solar i mau hae hoʻolaha.Hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia nā ʻili i hōʻike ʻia, no ka laʻana, kahi hōʻailona hui a i ʻole kahi huahana hou ma ka mākeke.He aha hou aʻe, hāʻawi nā ʻili lā iā ʻoe i ke koho e nānā i ka hana o kāu mau modules.ʻO ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai: no nā ʻili kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻeleʻele o ka lā, pono ʻoe e uku i ka 10% hou aʻe ma luna o ke kumukūʻai panel solar.Eia naʻe, i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana ʻili lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manaʻo e hāʻule ke kumukūʻai.
4. Hiki i ka lole solar ke hoʻopaʻa i kāu kelepona
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hou o ka lā mai Asia mai.No laila, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha na nā ʻenekinia Iapana ke kuleana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lole lā.I kēia manawa ua hoʻohui mākou i nā cell solar i loko o nā hale, no ke aha e hana like ai no nā lole?Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lole o ka lā no ka hana ʻana i nā lole, nā hale lole, nā pale: e like me nā panela, hopu ʻo ia i ka radiation lā a hoʻoulu i ka uila mai ia mea.
ʻAʻole pau nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana i nā lole solar.Ua ulana ʻia nā filament lā i loko o nā lole, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke pelu a hoʻopili iā lākou a puni kekahi mea.E noʻonoʻo ʻoe he pahu kelepona i hana ʻia me ka lole solar.A laila, e moe wale ma luna o ka papaʻaina i ka lā a e uku ʻia kāu kelepona.Ma ke kumumanaʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke uhi wale i ke kaupaku o kou home i ka lole solar.Na kēia lole e hoʻoulu i ka ikehu lā e like me nā panela, akā ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e uku no ka hoʻokomo ʻana.ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mana o ka panel solar maʻamau ma luna o ka hale ma mua o ka lole solar.
5. Hoʻololi nā pale leo o ka lā i ka halulu o ke ala i ka ikehu ʻōmaʻomaʻo
Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pale kani uila (PVNB) ma ʻEulopa a ke hoʻomaka nei e ʻike ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.He mea maʻalahi ka manaʻo: kūkulu i nā pale leo no ka pale ʻana i ka poʻe ma nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale mai ka walaʻau ʻana o ke alaloa.Hāʻawi lākou i kahi ākea ākea, a no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ia mea, ua manaʻo nā ʻenekinia e hoʻohui i kahi mea lā iā lākou.Ua ʻike ʻia ka PVNB mua ma Switzerland i ka makahiki 1989, a i kēia manawa ʻo ke ala kaʻa me ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa o nā PVNB aia ma Kelemania, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai kahi moʻolelo 18 mau pale ma 2017. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ia mau mea a hiki i kekahi mau makahiki. i hala aku nei, akā i kēia manawa ke manaʻo nei mākou e ʻike iā lākou ma kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina.
ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o nā pale leo photovoltaic i kēia manawa ke kānalua nei, ma muli o ka hapa nui o ke ʻano o ka element solar i hoʻohui ʻia, ke kumukūʻai o ka uila ma ka ʻāina a me nā hoʻoikaika aupuni no ka ikehu hou.Ke piʻi nei ka pono o nā modula photovoltaic i ka wā e emi ana ke kumukūʻai.ʻO kēia ka mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā leo leo uila i ka lā.