"Amandla elanga aba yinkosi yombane," yatsho i-International Energy Agency kwingxelo yayo ye-2020.Iingcali ze-IEA ziqikelela ukuba ihlabathi liza kuvelisa amandla elanga aphindwe ka-8-13 kwiminyaka engama-20 ezayo kunokuba lenza namhlanje.Itekhnoloji entsha yephaneli yelanga iya kukhawulezisa kuphela ukunyuka kweshishini lelanga.Zeziphi ke ezi zinto zintsha?Makhe sijonge itekhnoloji yelanga ehlabayo eya kubumba ikamva lethu.
1. Iifama zelanga ezidadayo zibonelela ngobuchule obuphezulu ngaphandle kokuthatha umhlaba
Izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-photovoltaics ezidadayo zindala: Iifama zokuqala ezidadayo zelanga zavela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-2000.Ukususela ngoko, umgaqo wokwakha uphuculwe kwaye ngoku le teknoloji entsha yephaneli yelanga ifumana impumelelo enkulu - ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ikakhulu kumazwe aseAsia.
Inzuzo ephambili yeefama zelanga ezidadayo kukuba zinokufakwa kuwo nawuphi na umzimba wamanzi.Iindleko zephaneli yePV edadayo ithelekiswa nofakelo olusekwe emhlabeni ngokobungakanani obulinganayo.Ngaphezu koko, amanzi angaphantsi kweemodyuli zePV ayawapholisa, ngaloo ndlela ezisa ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kwinkqubo iyonke kunye nokunciphisa inkcitho yamandla.Iiphaneli zelanga ezidadayo zenza ngcono nge-5-10% kunofakelo lwasemhlabeni.
I-China, i-Indiya kunye noMzantsi Korea zineefama ezinkulu zelanga ezidadayo, kodwa eyona inkulu ngoku yakhiwa eSingapore.Oku kuyavakala ngenene kweli lizwe: linendawo encinci kangangokuba urhulumente uya kuthatha naliphi na ithuba asebenzise ubutyebi bakhe bamanzi.
I-Floatovoltaics iqala ukubangela isiphithiphithi e-United States.Umkhosi wase-US uphehlelele ifama edadayo kwi-Big Muddy Lake e-Fort Bragg, kuMntla Carolina, ngoJuni ka-2022. Le fama ye-1.1 megawatt edadayo yelanga ineemegawathi ezi-2 iiyure zokugcina amandla omthamo.Ezi bhetri ziza kunika amandla iCamp McCall ngexesha lokuphela kombane.
2. Itekhnoloji yelanga ye-BIPV yenza ukuba izakhiwo zikwazi ukuzimela
Kwixesha elizayo, asizukufakela iiphaneli zesola phezu kophahla ukunika amandla izakhiwo – ziya kuba zijenereyitha zamandla ngokwazo.I-teknoloji ye-Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) ijolise ekusebenziseni izinto zelanga njengezinto zokwakha eziza kuba ngumboneleli wombane kwiofisi okanye kwindlu yexesha elizayo.Ngamafutshane, itekhnoloji ye-BIPV ivumela abaninimzi ukuba bonge kwiindleko zombane kwaye emva koko kwiindleko zeesistim zokuxhoma iipaneli zelanga.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akukho malunga nokutshintsha iindonga kunye neefestile ngeepaneli kunye nokudala "iibhokisi zemisebenzi".Izinto zelanga kufuneka zidibanise ngokwemvelo kwaye zingaphazamisi indlela abantu abasebenza ngayo nabaphila ngayo.Ngokomzekelo, iglasi ye-photovoltaic ibonakala njengeglasi eqhelekileyo, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo liqokelela onke amandla avela elangeni.
Nangona itekhnoloji ye-BIPV ibuyele kwiminyaka yoo-1970, ayizange iqhume kude kube mva nje: izinto zelanga ziye zafikeleleka ngakumbi, zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zifumaneka ngokubanzi.Ukulandela lo mkhwa, abanye abanini bezakhiwo zeeofisi baye baqalisa ukudibanisa izinto zePV kwizakhiwo zabo ezikhoyo.Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiPV yesicelo sokwakha.Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezineesistim zesolar ze-BIPV ezinamandla kuye kwaba lukhuphiswano phakathi koosomashishini.Ngokucacileyo, okukhona ishishini lakho liluhlaza, kokukhona umfanekiso walo uya kuba ngcono.Kubonakala ngathi iAsia Clean Capital (ACC) iphumelele indebe ngomthamo wayo ofakwe kwi-19MW kwindawo yeenqanawa empuma China.
3. Izikhumba zelanga zijika iiphaneli zibe yindawo yentengiso
Ulusu lwelanga ngokusisiseko lugubungela iphaneli yelanga evumela ukuba imodyuli igcine ukusebenza kwayo kwaye ibonise nantoni na kuyo.Ukuba awuyithandi inkangeleko yeepaneli zelanga kuphahla lwakho okanye eludongeni, le noveli yetekhnoloji yeRV ikuvumela ukuba ufihle iipaneli zelanga - khetha nje umfanekiso ochanekileyo, onjengethayile yophahla okanye ingca.
Ubuchwephesha obutsha abukho malunga nobuhle kuphela, bukwamalunga neenzuzo: amashishini anokuguqula iinkqubo zawo zepaneli zelanga zibe ziibhena zentengiso.Izikhumba zingenziwa ngokwezifiso ukwenzela ukuba zibonise, umzekelo, ilogo yenkampani okanye imveliso entsha kwimarike.Ngaphezu koko, izikhumba zelanga zikunika ithuba lokujonga ukusebenza kweemodyuli zakho.Icala elisezantsi lixabiso: kwizikhumba zesolar ezibhityileyo, kufuneka uhlawule ngaphezulu kwe-10% ngaphezulu kwexabiso lephaneli yelanga.Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iteknoloji yesikhumba selanga ikhula ngakumbi, ngakumbi sinokulindela ukuba ixabiso lehle.
4. Ilaphu lelanga livumela isikipa sakho ukuba sihlawule ifowuni yakho
Uninzi lwezinto ezintsha zamva nje zelanga zivela eAsia.Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba iinjineli zaseJapan zinoxanduva lokuphuhlisa amalaphu elanga.Ngoku ekubeni sidibanise iiseli zelanga kwizakhiwo, kutheni singenzi okufanayo kumalaphu?Ilaphu lelanga lingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iimpahla, iintente, iikhethini: njengeepaneli, ibamba imitha yelanga kwaye ivelise umbane kuyo.
Amathuba okusebenzisa amalaphu elanga awapheli.Imicu yelanga ilukiwe ibe ngamalaphu, ngoko ke unokuyisonga ngokulula kwaye uyisonge kuyo nantoni na.Khawufane ucinge ukuba unecase ye-smartphone eyenziwe ngelaphu lelanga.Emva koko, lala nje etafileni elangeni kwaye i-smartphone yakho iya kuhlawuliswa.Ngokwethiyori, unokusonga uphahla lwendlu yakho ngelaphu lelanga.Eli laphu liya kuvelisa amandla elanga njengeepaneli, kodwa akuyi kufuneka uhlawulele ukufakela.Ngokuqinisekileyo, umbane ophuma kwipaneli yelanga eqhelekileyo eluphahleni usephezulu kunelaphu lelanga.
5. Imiqobo yengxolo yelanga ijika ukugquma kohola wendlela ibe ngamandla aluhlaza
Imiqobo yengxolo yeSolar-powered noise (PVNB) sele isetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu kwaye iyaqala ukubonakala naseUnited States.Umbono ulula: yakha imiqobo yengxolo ukukhusela abantu ezidolophini nasezilalini kwingxolo yezithuthi zikahola wendlela.Babonelela ngommandla omkhulu, kwaye ukuze basebenzise ithuba, iinjineli zeza nombono wokongeza into yelanga kubo.I-PVNB yokuqala yabonakala eSwitzerland ngo-1989, kwaye ngoku i-freeway enenani eliphezulu le-PVNB eJamani, apho irekhodi ye-18 imiqobo ifakwe kwi-2017. E-United States, ukwakhiwa kwezithintelo ezinjalo akuzange kuqale de kube yiminyaka embalwa. kodwa ngoku silindele ukubabona kuzo zonke iindawo.
Ixabiso-ukusebenza kwemiqobo yengxolo ye-photovoltaic ngoku iyathandabuza, kuxhomekeke kwinxalenye enkulu kuhlobo lwento yelanga eyongeziweyo, ixabiso lombane kummandla kunye nokukhuthaza urhulumente kumandla avuselelweyo.Ukusebenza kweemodyuli ze-photovoltaic kuyanda ngelixa ixabiso liyancipha.Yiloo nto eyenza ukuba imiqobo yengxolo yezithuthi esebenza ngamandla elanga ibe nomtsalane ngakumbi.