Ityala lenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga eUnited States photovoltaic
NgoLwesithathu, ixesha lendawo, ulawulo lwe-US Biden lukhuphe ingxelo ebonisa ukuba i-2035 i-United States kulindeleke ukuba ifezekise i-40% yombane wayo kumandla elanga, kwaye ngo-2050 lo mlinganiso uya kwandiswa ukuya kuma-45%.
ISebe lezaMandla lase-US lichaze ngendima ebalulekileyo yamandla elanga ekukhupheni igridi yamandla e-US kwiSolar Future Study.Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ngo-2035, ngaphandle kokunyuswa kwamaxabiso ombane, amandla elanga anamandla okubonelela ngeepesenti ezingama-40 zombane wesizwe, uqhuba i-decarbonization enzulu yegridi kunye nokudala ukuya kwi-1.5 yemisebenzi yezigidi.
Ingxelo iphawula ukuba ukufezekisa le njongo kuya kufuna ukuthunyelwa kwamandla amakhulu kunye nokulinganayo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo eqinile ye-decarbonization, ngokuhambelana neenzame zolawulo lwe-Biden ukujongana nengxaki yemozulu kunye nokwandisa ngokukhawuleza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kwilizwe lonke.
Iiprojekthi zengxelo ezifezekisa ezi njongo ziya kufuna ukuya kuthi ga kwi-562 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwinkcitho eyongezelelweyo yecandelo likarhulumente nelabucala e-US phakathi kuka-2020 no-2050. Kwangaxeshanye, utyalo-mali kwimithombo yelanga kunye neminye imithombo yamandla ecocekileyo inokuzisa malunga ne-1.7 yezigidi zezigidi zeerandi kwiinzuzo zoqoqosho, ngokuyinxenye iindleko zempilo zokunciphisa ungcoliseko.
Ukusukela ngo-2020, amandla elanga afakiweyo e-US afikelele kwirekhodi le-15 leebhiliyoni zeewatts ukuya kwi-7.6 yeebhiliyoni zeewatts, ezibalelwa kwisi-3 sepesenti yobonelelo lombane lwangoku.
Ngo-2035, ingxelo ithi, i-US iya kufuna ukuphindaphinda kane ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga kunye nokubonelela nge-1,000 gigawatts yombane kwigridi elawulwa ngokuhlaziywa.Nge-2050, i-solar kulindeleke ukuba ibonelele nge-gigawatts ye-1,600 yombane, engaphezulu kwawo wonke umbane osetyenziswayo ngoku kwizakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo e-United States.I-Decarbonization yenkqubo yonke yamandla inokuvelisa i-3,000 GW yamandla elanga ngo-2050 ngenxa yokunyuka kombane kumacandelo ezothutho, izakhiwo kunye nezoshishino.
Ingxelo ithi i-US kufuneka ifake i-avareji ye-30 yezigidi zeekilowatts zamandla elanga ngonyaka phakathi kwangoku kunye ne-2025, kunye ne-60 yezigidi zeekilowatts ngonyaka ukusuka ku-2025 ukuya ku-2030. ziya kubonelelwa ikakhulu ngomoya (36%), inyukliya (11% -13%), umbane osebenza ngamanzi (5% -6%) kunye ne-bioenergy/geothermal (1%).
Ingxelo iphinda iphakamise ukuba ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo ezitsha zokuphucula ukuguquguquka kwegridi, ezifana nokugcinwa kunye ne-inverters eziphambili, kunye nokwandiswa kokuhanjiswa, kuya kunceda ukuhambisa ilanga kuzo zonke iikona zase-US - umoya kunye nelanga zidityanisiwe ziya kubonelela ngeepesenti ze-75 zombane ngombane. I-2035 kunye neepesenti ze-90 ngo-2050. Ukongezelela, imigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo ye-decarbonization kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili kuya kufuneka ukuqhubela phambili ukunciphisa iindleko zamandla elanga.
Ngokutsho kuka-Huajun Wang, umhlalutyi kwi-ZSE Securities, i-23% ye-CAGR ithathwa, ehambelana nonyaka omnye wokufakwa kwamandla e-US ekulindeleke ukuba ifike kwi-110GW ngo-2030.
Ngokutsho kukaWang, "ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni" kuye kwaba yimvumelwano yehlabathi, kwaye iPV kulindeleke ukuba ibe yeyona nto iphambili "yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni":
Kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo, iindleko ze-photovoltaic kilowatt-yure ziye zehla ukusuka kwi-2.47 yuan/kWh ngo-2010 ukuya kwi-0.37 yuan/kWh ngo-2020, ukuhla ukuya kwi-85%.I-Photovoltaic "ixesha lexabiso eliphantsi" lisondela, i-photovoltaic iya kuba "i-carbon neutral" yamandla aphambili.
Kwishishini le-photovoltaic, ishumi leminyaka elizayo lemfuno eliphindwe kalishumi kwindlela enkulu.Siqikelela ukuba ngo-2030 ukufakwa kwePV entsha yaseTshayina kulindeleke ukuba kufike kwi-416-536GW, kunye ne-CAGR ye-24% -26%;Imfuno entsha efakiweyo yehlabathi iya kufikelela kwi-1246-1491GW, kunye ne-CAGR ye-25% -27%.Imfuno efakiweyo ye-photovoltaic iya kukhula ngokuphindwe kalishumi kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, kunye nendawo enkulu yemarike.
Imfuno yenkxaso "yepolisi enkulu".
Uphononongo lwelanga lusekwe kwisicwangciso esikhulu solawulo lwe-Biden ukufezekisa igridi engenakhabhoni ngo-2035 kwaye ikhuphe inkqubo yamandla ebanzi ngo-2050.

Iphakheji yeziseko ezingundoqo eyapasiswa yiNdlu yeeNgwevu zase-US ngo-Agasti ibandakanya iibhiliyoni zeedola kwiiprojekthi zamandla acocekileyo, kodwa imigaqo-nkqubo ebalulekileyo emininzi iye yashiywa ngaphandle, kuquka nokwandiswa kweekhredithi zerhafu.Sekunjalo, isisombululo sebhajethi ye-3.5 yeetriliyoni zeerandi esiphunyezwe yiNdlu ngo-Agasti sinokubandakanya la manyathelo.

Ishishini lelanga lase-US lithe le ngxelo igxininisa imfuno yoshishino yenkxaso "yomgaqo-nkqubo obalulekileyo".

NgoLwesithathu, iinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-700 zithumele ileta kwiCongress zifuna ukwandiswa kwexesha elide kunye nokunyuka kweekhredithi zerhafu zotyalo-mali zelanga kunye namanyathelo okuphucula ukuqina kwegridi.

Emva kweminyaka yothuso lomgaqo-nkqubo, lixesha lokunika iinkampani zamandla acocekileyo umgaqo-nkqubo oqinisekileyo eziwudingayo ukucoca igridi yethu, ukudala izigidi zemisebenzi ebalulekileyo kunye nokwakha uqoqosho lwamandla acocekileyo, utshilo u-Abigail Ross Hopper, umongameli weAmerican Solar Energy Industries Association. .

UHopper ugxininise ukuba ukonyuka okubonakalayo komthamo welanga ofakiweyo kuyafezekiswa, kodwa “inkqubela phambili yomgaqo-nkqubo iyafuneka.

Usasazo lweTekhnoloji yaMandla eSolar
Okwangoku, iiphaneli zePV eziqhelekileyo zelanga zilinganisa iikhilogram ezili-12 ngemitha yesikwere.Iimodyuli ze-amorphous silicon ezicwecwe-filim ezinobunzima beekhilogram ezili-17 ngemitha yesikwere

Izifundo zenkqubo yePV yelanga eUnited States
Awona mazwe ali-10 aphezulu ehlabathini okuvelisa amandla elanga!

1.China 223800 (THH)

2. USA 108359 (THH)

3. Japan 75274 (THH)

4. EJamani 47517 (THH)

5. Indiya 46268 (THH)

6. Italy 24326 (THH)

7. Ostreliya 17951 (THH)

8. ESpain 15042 (THH)

9. United Kingdom 12677 (THH)

10.Mexico 12439 (THWH)

Ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo yemigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe, imarike yePV yaseTshayina iye yavela ngokukhawuleza yaza yaphuhliswa yaba yeyona marike inkulu yelanga yePV.

Uveliso lwamandla elanga eTshayina luthatha malunga ne-60% yemveliso yehlabathi iyonke.

I-Case Study yeSolar Photovoltaic Power Generation System e-United States
I-SolarCity yinkampani yamandla elanga yase-US egxile kuphuhliso lweeprojekthi zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ekhaya kunye nezorhwebo.Ingumboneleli okhokelayo weenkqubo zamandla elanga e-United States, ebonelela ngeenkonzo ezibanzi zelanga ezifana noyilo lwenkqubo, ukufakela, kunye nenkxaso-mali kunye nokongamela ukwakhiwa, ukubonelela ngombane kubathengi ngamaxabiso aphantsi kunezixhobo zombane.Namhlanje, inkampani iqeshe abantu abangaphezu kwe-14,000.

Ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo ngo-2006, iSolarCity ikhule ngokukhawuleza, kunye nofakelo lwelanga lonyuka ngokumangalisayo ukusuka kwi-440 megawatts (MW) ngo-2009 ukuya kwi-6,200 MW ngo-2014, kwaye yadweliswa kwi-NASDAQ ngoDisemba ka-2012.

Ukusukela ngo-2016, iSolarCity inabathengi abangaphezu kwama-330,000 kumazwe angama-27 kulo lonke elase-United States.Ukongeza kwishishini layo lelanga, iSolarCity ikwabambisene neTesla Motors ukubonelela ngemveliso yokugcina amandla ekhaya, iPowerwall, ukuze isetyenziswe kunye neepaneli zelanga.

I-US Photovoltaic Power Plants
ISolar yokuqala yaseMelika iFirstSolar, iNasdaq:FSLR

Inkampani yase-US ye-solar photovoltaic
I-Trina Solar yinkampani ethembekileyo enendawo yokusebenza ehambelanayo kunye neenzuzo ezilungileyo.("I-Trina Solar") ngumboneleli omkhulu wehlabathi weemodyuli ze-photovoltaic kunye nomboneleli ohamba phambili wezisombululo ze-solar photovoltaic, ezisekelwe kwi-1997 e-Changzhou, kwiPhondo laseJiangsu, kwaye zidweliswe kwi-New York Stock Exchange kwi-2006. Ekupheleni kwe-2017, I-Trina Solar ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi malunga nokuhanjiswa kweemodyuli zePV ezongezelekayo.

I-Trina Solar iye yaseka ikomkhulu layo lengingqi eYurophu, eMelika nakuMbindi Mpuma we-Asia Pacific eZurich, eSwitzerland, eSan Jose, eCalifornia naseSingapore, kunye neeofisi eTokyo, eMadrid, eMilan, eSydney, eBeijing naseShanghai.I-Trina Solar iye yazisa iitalente eziphezulu ezivela kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30 kunye nemimandla, kwaye ineshishini kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100 kunye nemimandla yehlabathi jikelele.

Ngomhla woku-1 kuSeptemba ka-2019, i-Trina Solar yabekwa kwindawo enguNombolo 291 kuluhlu lwamaShishini oMveliso angama-2019 eTshayina aPhakamileyo angama-500, kwaye ngoJuni ka-2020, yakhethwa njengenye “yamaShishini ali-2019 aPhezulu ali-100 kwiPhondo laseJiangsu”.

Iteknoloji yePV yase-US
Ayiloshishini likarhulumente.

Ltd. yinkampani ye-solar photovoltaic eyasungulwa nguDkt Qu Xiaowar ngoNovemba 2001 kwaye ibhalwe ngempumelelo kwi-NASDAQ kwi-2006, inkampani yokuqala yaseTshayina edibeneyo ye-photovoltaic ukuba ibhalwe kwi-NASDAQ (ikhowudi ye-NASDAQ: CSIQ).

Ltd. ngokukhethekileyo kwi-R & D, imveliso kunye neentengiso ze-silicon ingots, ii-wafers, iiseli zelanga, iimodyuli zelanga kunye neemveliso zelanga, kunye nokufakelwa kwenkqubo yezityalo zamandla elanga, kunye neemveliso zayo ze-photovoltaic zisasazwa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30 kunye nemimandla. kumazwekazi ama-5, kuquka iJamani, iSpain, iItali, iUnited States, iKhanada, iKorea, iJapan neTshayina.

Inkampani ikwabonelela ngodonga lwamakhethini eglasi ye-photovoltaic kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kubathengi kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye igxile kwizisombululo zelanga kwiimarike ezikhethekileyo ezifana neshishini laselwandle, izinto eziluncedo kunye neshishini leemoto.

Photovoltaic Power Generation USA
Ithini ingqikelelo yoshishino lwenkonzo yanamhlanje?Le ngcamango iyingqayizivele e-China kwaye ayikhankanywanga phesheya.Ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali zasekhaya, into ebizwa ngokuba yinkonzo yenkonzo yanamhlanje inxulumene noshishino lwenkonzo yemveli, kubandakanywa ezinye iindlela ezintsha zoshishino lwenkonzo, ezifana nobuchwepheshe bolwazi kunye neenkonzo, imali, indawo yokuhlala, njl., kwaye ibandakanya ukwamkelwa iindlela zangoku, izixhobo kunye neefom zoshishino kushishino lwenkonzo yemveli.

Ukongeza kuhlelo lwemveli kunye nolwanamhlanje, kukwakho ulwahlulo ngokwenjongo yenkonzo, oko kukuthi, ishishini lenkonzo lahlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu: elinye lishishini lenkonzo elisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa, elinye lishishini lenkonzo yemveliso, kwaye elinye lishishini lenkonzo. yinkonzo yoluntu.Phakathi kwabo, inkonzo yoluntu ikhokelwa ngurhulumente ukuba ibonelele, kwaye ishishini lenkonzo yokusetyenziswa lisaphuhliswe kakuhle e-China, kodwa udidi oluphakathi, oko kukuthi, imboni yenkonzo yemveliso, eyaziwa ngokuba yienkonzo ezivelisayo, umsantsa phakathi I-China kunye namazwe aphuhlileyo kumazwe ngamazwe inkulu kakhulu.

Umzi-mveliso we-Photovoltaic udla ngokuqondwa ukuba ngoweshishini lesibini, kodwa, eneneni, i-photovoltaic ikwagubungela ishishini lenkonzo, kwaye, oko kukuthi ilizwe lethu libiza imveliso yenkonzo yanamhlanje, umxholo ophambili nawo ukwicandelo loshishino lwenkonzo enemveliso. .Kweli nqaku, ezinye iingxoxo kule.Apha, ndiya kugubungela imboni ye-photovoltaic okanye ndibandakanyeke kwishishini lenkonzo, elibizwa ngokuba yi-photovoltaic service industry.

Isikhululo samandla elanga eMelika
Esona sikhululo samandla elanga sikhulu ehlabathini, esiseUnited States California kunye nendawo yomda weNevada.Igama yi-Ivampah Solar Power Station, ethatha indawo ye-8 square kilometers.Ngokuqhelekileyo, amandla elanga athathwa njengokuphela komthombo wamandla wendalo ongenakuphela.Iplanti yamandla elanga e-Ivampah yakha iiphaneli zelanga ezingama-300,000, ezinoxanduva lokuqokelela amandla okuvelisa umbane.

Abaphandi bafumene intaphane yeentaka ezitshileyo nezitshileyo kunye nezinye izilwanyana zasendle kwimida yesona sikhululo samandla elanga sikhulu ehlabathini, i-Ivapah Solar Power Plant.Njengoko kujongwa ngabantu njengokuphela komthombo wamandla wendalo ongatshiyo kodwa uyonakalisa imekobume.