“Amandla elanga aba yinkosi kagesi,” kusho i-International Energy Agency embikweni wayo ka-2020.Ochwepheshe be-IEA babikezela ukuthi umhlaba uzokhiqiza amandla elanga aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-8-13 eminyakeni engu-20 ezayo kunanamuhla.Ubuchwepheshe obusha bephaneli yelanga buzosheshisa kuphela ukwanda kwemboni yelanga.Ngakho yiziphi lezi zindlela ezintsha?Ake sibheke ubuchwepheshe be-solar obusezingeni eliphezulu obuzololonga ikusasa lethu.
1. Amapulazi elanga antantayo anikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuthatha umhlaba
Okubizwa ngokuthi ama-photovoltaics antantayo madala kakhulu: Amapulazi elanga antantayo avela ngasekupheleni kwawo-2000s.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isimiso sokwakha siye sathuthukiswa futhi manje lobu buchwepheshe obusha bephaneli yelanga bujabulela impumelelo enkulu - kuze kube manje, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Asia.
Inzuzo enkulu yamapulazi elanga antantayo ukuthi angafakwa cishe kuwo wonke amanzi.Izindleko zephaneli ye-PV entantayo iqhathaniswa nokufakwa komhlaba okunosayizi ofanayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi angaphansi kwamamojula e-PV ayawapholisa, ngaleyo ndlela alethe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ohlelweni lonke futhi anciphise ukumosheka kwamandla.Amaphaneli elanga antantayo ngokuvamile enza kangcono ngo-5-10% kunokufakwa komhlaba.
I-China, i-India kanye neNingizimu Korea banamapulazi amakhulu antantayo elanga, kodwa elikhulu kunawo wonke manje lakhiwa eSingapore.Lokhu kunengqondo ngempela kuleli zwe: linendawo encane kangangokuthi uhulumeni uzothatha wonke amathuba asebenzise imithombo yakhe yamanzi.
I-Floatovoltaics isiqala nokubangela ukuxokozela e-United States.Umbutho Wezempi wase-US wethule ipulazi elintantayo eChibini i-Big Muddy e-Fort Bragg, eNyakatho ye-Carolina, ngoJuni 2022. Leli pulazi lelanga elintantayo elingu-1.1 megawatt linamahora angu-2 wamamegawathi omthamo wokugcina amandla.Lawa mabhethri azonika amandla i-Camp McCall phakathi nokuphela kukagesi.
2. Ubuchwepheshe belanga be-BIPV benza izakhiwo zikwazi ukuziphilisa
Ngokuzayo, ngeke sifake amaphaneli elanga ophahleni ukuze kuphehlwe izakhiwo - azoba amajeneretha anamandla ngokwawo.Ubuchwepheshe be-Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) buhlose ukusebenzisa izakhi zelanga njengezakhi zokwakha ezizoba abahlinzeki bakagesi ehhovisi noma indlu yesikhathi esizayo.Ngamafuphi, ubuchwepheshe be-BIPV buvumela abanikazi bezindlu ukuthi bonge ezindlekweni zikagesi futhi kamuva ezindlekweni zokukhweza amaphaneli elanga.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukhona ngokushintsha izindonga namafasitela ngamaphaneli nokudala "amabhokisi omsebenzi".Izakhi zelanga kufanele zihlangane ngokwemvelo futhi zingaphazamisi indlela abantu abasebenza ngayo nabaphila ngayo.Isibonelo, ingilazi ye-photovoltaic ibukeka njengengilazi evamile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo iqoqa wonke amandla avela elangeni.
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-BIPV buqala ngeminyaka yawo-1970, abuzange buqhume kwaze kwaba muva nje: izakhi zelanga sezifinyeleleka kalula, zisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi zitholakala kabanzi.Ngokulandela lo mkhuba, abanye abanikazi bezakhiwo zamahhovisi sebeqalile ukuhlanganisa ama-PV ezakhiweni zabo ezikhona.Lokhu kubizwa ngesicelo sokwakha i-PV.Ukwakhiwa kwamabhilidi anezinhlelo ezinamandla kakhulu ze-solar ze-BIPV sekuze kwaba umncintiswano phakathi kosomabhizinisi.Ngokusobala, uma ibhizinisi lakho liluhlaza, isithombe salo sizoba ngcono.Kubukeka sengathi i-Asia Clean Capital (ACC) isiwine indebe namandla ayo ayi-19MW afakwe endaweni yokugcinwa kwemikhumbi empumalanga yeChina.
3. Izikhumba zelanga ziphendula amaphaneli abe yindawo yokukhangisa
Isikhumba selanga ngokuyisisekelo siyi-goraper ezungeze iphaneli yelanga evumela ukuthi imojula igcine ukusebenza kahle kwayo futhi ibonise noma yini kuso.Uma ungakuthandi ukubukeka kwamaphaneli elanga ophahleni lwakho noma ezindongeni, lobu buchwepheshe be-RV inoveli bukuvumela ukuthi ufihle amaphaneli elanga - vele ukhethe isithombe esingokwezifiso esilungile, esifana nethayela ophahleni noma utshani.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha abugcini nje ngokuphathelene nobuhle, kodwa futhi bumayelana nenzuzo: amabhizinisi angaguqula amasistimu awo amaphaneli elanga abe amabhanela okukhangisa.Izikhumba zingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze zibonise, isibonelo, ilogo yenkampani noma umkhiqizo omusha emakethe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhumba zelanga zikunikeza inketho yokuqapha ukusebenza kwamamojula akho.Okubi yizindleko: ezikhumbeni zefilimu ezithambile zelanga, kufanele ukhokhe u-10% ngaphezulu kwentengo yephaneli yelanga.Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe besikhumba selanga buthuthuka, kulapho singalindela khona ukuthi intengo yehle.
4. Indwangu yelanga ivumela isikibha sakho ukuthi sishaje ifoni yakho
Iningi lakamuva le-solar livela e-Asia.Ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi onjiniyela baseJapan banesibopho sokuthuthukisa izindwangu zelanga.Manje njengoba sesihlanganise amaseli elanga abe yizakhiwo, kungani singenzi okufanayo ezindwangu?Indwangu yelanga ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izingubo, amatende, amakhethini: njengamaphaneli, ibamba imisebe yelanga futhi ikhiqize ugesi kuwo.
Amathuba okusebenzisa izindwangu zelanga awapheli.Imicu yelanga ilukwa ibe yindwangu, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukugoqa futhi uyisonge noma yini.Ake ucabange unekesi le-smartphone elenziwe ngendwangu yelanga.Khona-ke, umane ulale etafuleni elangeni futhi i-smartphone yakho izokhokhiswa.Ngombono, ungavele ugoqe uphahla lwendlu yakho ngendwangu yelanga.Le ndwangu izokhiqiza amandla elanga njengamaphaneli, kodwa ngeke ukhokhele ukufakwa.Yiqiniso, ukukhishwa kwamandla kwephaneli yelanga evamile ophahleni kusephezulu kunaleyo yendwangu yelanga.
5. Izithiyo zomsindo welanga ziphendula ukuduma komgwaqo omkhulu kube amandla aluhlaza
Izithiyo zomsindo we-Solar-powered noise (PVNB) sezivele zisetshenziswa kabanzi eYurophu futhi seziqala ukubonakala nase-United States.Umbono ulula: yakha imigoqo yomsindo ukuze uvikele abantu emadolobheni nasezigodini emsindweni womgwaqo onguthelawayeka.Banikeza indawo enkulu, futhi ukuze basizakale, onjiniyela baqhamuke nombono wokwengeza i-solar element kubo.I-PVNB yokuqala yavela eSwitzerland ngo-1989, futhi manje umgwaqo onguthelawayeka onenani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-PVNB useJalimane, lapho kwafakwa khona irekhodi lezithiyo ezingu-18 ngo-2017. E-United States, ukwakhiwa kwezithiyo ezinjalo akuzange kuqale kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa. edlule, kodwa manje silindele ukubabona kuzo zonke izifunda.
Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko zemingcele ye-photovoltaic yomsindo okwamanje kuyangabazeka, kuye ngokuthi ingxenye enkulu yohlobo lwe-solar element eyengeziwe, intengo kagesi esifundeni kanye nezikhuthazo zikahulumeni zamandla avuselelekayo.Ukusebenza kahle kwamamojula we-photovoltaic kuyanda ngenkathi intengo iyancipha.Yilokhu okwenza imigoqo yomsindo wezimoto esebenza ngamandla elanga ithandeke kakhulu.